Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
initiative
initiate
initiator
initiating
Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
combination
addition
inclusion
formation
Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
align
aligned
aligning
aligns
Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
a few
little
few
some
Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
who
whose
which
whom
Read the following text and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 6.
Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.
These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.
While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.
Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.
Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.
To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.
take off
take in
bring up
look over
Read the passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.
In recent years, Vietnam has accelerated the rollout of a unified digital identity system aimed at streamlining access to public services. Known as the National Digital ID (NDID), this platform assigns each citizen a unique, encrypted identification code linked to biometric data and civil records. The move is intended to consolidate a range of previously separate documents—such as health insurance, driving licenses, and academic certificates—into a single digital profile. As a result, users can verify their identity across various services without needing to present physical documents. One of the most significant features of NDID is its compatibility across different government platforms, allowing citizens to access healthcare, education, and administrative services through a single sign-on interface. Although initially piloted in selected provinces, the initiative is now expanding nationwide.
The NDID platform works by integrating databases managed by different ministries into a centralised authentication system. Once a person logs in, the system uses facial recognition or fingerprint scanning to authenticate the user and retrieve relevant information from linked departments. For instance, if someone applies to a university, their academic records can be instantly pulled from the Ministry of Education. Similarly, booking a doctor’s appointment will bring up health records without extra paperwork. It enables a “silent service” experience, where users receive public services without needing to submit anything manually.
However, the path to full adoption has not been without obstacles. Rural areas with weak internet infrastructure have found it difficult to implement biometric registration. Some local officials also lack training in using the new system, which has slowed the digital transition in certain districts. There have also been delays in synchronising databases across ministries, occasionally resulting in incomplete records. Despite these challenges, the Ministry of Information and Communications has stated that additional support will be provided to under-resourced areas to ensure nationwide equity.
While many NDID users in cities report faster access to health and education services, rural users still face long waits when technical issues arise. Officials say that integration with smaller offices is ongoing and may take longer than planned. Despite this, some ministries have credited the platform with improving how records are managed and reducing paperwork for frequently accessed services. Observers caution, however, that without stronger coordination, these benefits may remain uneven across the country.
Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 1?
Private institutions rely on NDID to simplify cross-border licensing.
Users must present biometric credentials in physical form when visiting service offices.
Government agencies have begun issuing smartcards to complement physical ID booklets.
Individuals can authenticate across government domains using a centralized profile.
Read the passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.
In recent years, Vietnam has accelerated the rollout of a unified digital identity system aimed at streamlining access to public services. Known as the National Digital ID (NDID), this platform assigns each citizen a unique, encrypted identification code linked to biometric data and civil records. The move is intended to consolidate a range of previously separate documents—such as health insurance, driving licenses, and academic certificates—into a single digital profile. As a result, users can verify their identity across various services without needing to present physical documents. One of the most significant features of NDID is its compatibility across different government platforms, allowing citizens to access healthcare, education, and administrative services through a single sign-on interface. Although initially piloted in selected provinces, the initiative is now expanding nationwide.
The NDID platform works by integrating databases managed by different ministries into a centralised authentication system. Once a person logs in, the system uses facial recognition or fingerprint scanning to authenticate the user and retrieve relevant information from linked departments. For instance, if someone applies to a university, their academic records can be instantly pulled from the Ministry of Education. Similarly, booking a doctor’s appointment will bring up health records without extra paperwork. It enables a “silent service” experience, where users receive public services without needing to submit anything manually.
However, the path to full adoption has not been without obstacles. Rural areas with weak internet infrastructure have found it difficult to implement biometric registration. Some local officials also lack training in using the new system, which has slowed the digital transition in certain districts. There have also been delays in synchronising databases across ministries, occasionally resulting in incomplete records. Despite these challenges, the Ministry of Information and Communications has stated that additional support will be provided to under-resourced areas to ensure nationwide equity.
While many NDID users in cities report faster access to health and education services, rural users still face long waits when technical issues arise. Officials say that integration with smaller offices is ongoing and may take longer than planned. Despite this, some ministries have credited the platform with improving how records are managed and reducing paperwork for frequently accessed services. Observers caution, however, that without stronger coordination, these benefits may remain uneven across the country.
The word “consolidate” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to
manage together
replace completely
combine into one
share across systems
Read the passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.
In recent years, Vietnam has accelerated the rollout of a unified digital identity system aimed at streamlining access to public services. Known as the National Digital ID (NDID), this platform assigns each citizen a unique, encrypted identification code linked to biometric data and civil records. The move is intended to consolidate a range of previously separate documents—such as health insurance, driving licenses, and academic certificates—into a single digital profile. As a result, users can verify their identity across various services without needing to present physical documents. One of the most significant features of NDID is its compatibility across different government platforms, allowing citizens to access healthcare, education, and administrative services through a single sign-on interface. Although initially piloted in selected provinces, the initiative is now expanding nationwide.
The NDID platform works by integrating databases managed by different ministries into a centralised authentication system. Once a person logs in, the system uses facial recognition or fingerprint scanning to authenticate the user and retrieve relevant information from linked departments. For instance, if someone applies to a university, their academic records can be instantly pulled from the Ministry of Education. Similarly, booking a doctor’s appointment will bring up health records without extra paperwork. It enables a “silent service” experience, where users receive public services without needing to submit anything manually.
However, the path to full adoption has not been without obstacles. Rural areas with weak internet infrastructure have found it difficult to implement biometric registration. Some local officials also lack training in using the new system, which has slowed the digital transition in certain districts. There have also been delays in synchronising databases across ministries, occasionally resulting in incomplete records. Despite these challenges, the Ministry of Information and Communications has stated that additional support will be provided to under-resourced areas to ensure nationwide equity.
While many NDID users in cities report faster access to health and education services, rural users still face long waits when technical issues arise. Officials say that integration with smaller offices is ongoing and may take longer than planned. Despite this, some ministries have credited the platform with improving how records are managed and reducing paperwork for frequently accessed services. Observers caution, however, that without stronger coordination, these benefits may remain uneven across the country.
The word “retrieve” in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to
discard
overlook
recover
extract
Read the passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 7 to 14.
In recent years, Vietnam has accelerated the rollout of a unified digital identity system aimed at streamlining access to public services. Known as the National Digital ID (NDID), this platform assigns each citizen a unique, encrypted identification code linked to biometric data and civil records. The move is intended to consolidate a range of previously separate documents—such as health insurance, driving licenses, and academic certificates—into a single digital profile. As a result, users can verify their identity across various services without needing to present physical documents. One of the most significant features of NDID is its compatibility across different government platforms, allowing citizens to access healthcare, education, and administrative services through a single sign-on interface. Although initially piloted in selected provinces, the initiative is now expanding nationwide.
The NDID platform works by integrating databases managed by different ministries into a centralised authentication system. Once a person logs in, the system uses facial recognition or fingerprint scanning to authenticate the user and retrieve relevant information from linked departments. For instance, if someone applies to a university, their academic records can be instantly pulled from the Ministry of Education. Similarly, booking a doctor’s appointment will bring up health records without extra paperwork. It enables a “silent service” experience, where users receive public services without needing to submit anything manually.
However, the path to full adoption has not been without obstacles. Rural areas with weak internet infrastructure have found it difficult to implement biometric registration. Some local officials also lack training in using the new system, which has slowed the digital transition in certain districts. There have also been delays in synchronising databases across ministries, occasionally resulting in incomplete records. Despite these challenges, the Ministry of Information and Communications has stated that additional support will be provided to under-resourced areas to ensure nationwide equity.
While many NDID users in cities report faster access to health and education services, rural users still face long waits when technical issues arise. Officials say that integration with smaller offices is ongoing and may take longer than planned. Despite this, some ministries have credited the platform with improving how records are managed and reducing paperwork for frequently accessed services. Observers caution, however, that without stronger coordination, these benefits may remain uneven across the country.
The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to
service delivery without manual input
biometric appointment verification
the default system for urban access
passive integration of government data
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