Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
According to paragraph 1, fast fashion mainly encourages consumers to ______.
purchase clothing only when older garments become unusable
reject modern ideals of novelty and reinvention
participate continuously in changing trends and consumption cycles
value durability over accessibility and affordability
Câu hỏi yêu cầu xác định điều fast fashion chủ yếu khuyến khích người tiêu dùng thực hiện.
Các cụm “endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention” và “cycles of constant renewal” cho thấy sự mới mẻ, thay đổi và mua sắm liên tục.
Cụm “Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless” củng cố ý tiêu dùng lặp lại.
Chọn C. participate continuously in changing trends and consumption cycles; A, B, D sai vì lần lượt chỉ mua khi quần áo cũ không dùng được, phủ nhận sự mới mẻ và đề cao độ bền thay vì khả năng tiếp cận, giá cả.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
The expansion of second-hand markets has significantly reduced the environmental consequences associated with fast fashion.
The popularity of fast fashion can primarily be explained by consumers' growing concern for sustainability and ethical production.
Synthetic fabrics have allowed the fashion industry to provide people with cheaper and more durable forms of self-expression.
Although fast fashion claims to encourage individuality, it simultaneously creates environmental damage and mass-produced conformity.
Câu mở đầu nêu rõ fast fashion chứa đựng một nghịch lí.
Quần áo theo xu hướng ngắn hạn nhưng lại gây tác hại môi trường lâu dài.
Ngành này hứa hẹn self-expression nhưng thực chất dựa vào uniformity, tức đồng loạt hóa cá tính.
Câu kết nhấn mạnh lựa chọn và trao quyền lại trở thành cơ chế gây tổn hại môi trường, xã hội.
D đúng vì bao quát cả sự cổ vũ cá tính, tổn hại môi trường và sự đồng dạng đại trà; A sai vì second-hand markets chỉ được nhắc là nơi quần áo tích tụ, B sai vì đoạn không nói người tiêu dùng quan tâm sustainability hay ethical production, còn C sai vì synthetic materials được nêu để nhấn mạnh khả năng khó phân hủy, không phải lợi ích.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of fast fashion?
rising prices of garments
polluted waterways
underpaid labour
exhausted natural resources
Câu hỏi yêu cầu tìm hậu quả không được nhắc đến trong đoạn 3.
Câu "Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways" nêu ba hậu quả: tài nguyên bị khai thác cạn kiệt, lao động bị trả lương thấp và nguồn nước bị ô nhiễm.
Chọn A. rising prices of garments vì đoạn văn không nhắc đến việc giá quần áo tăng; B, C, D sai vì lần lượt được nêu qua polluted waterways, underpaid labour và exhausted natural resources.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
The word "dispersed" in paragraph 3 mostly means ______.
accumulated beyond recognition
concealed beneath artificial layers
distributed across different places
transformed into visible damage
Câu chứa từ khóa là: “What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities”.
Cụm “across ecosystems and communities” cho thấy các chi phí không nằm ở một chỗ mà lan ra nhiều nơi.
Chọn C. “Distributed across different places” phù hợp với nghĩa phân tán ở nhiều nơi; A sai vì “accumulated” là tích tụ, B sai vì nói về sự che giấu, còn D sai vì nói về sự biến đổi thành thiệt hại nhìn thấy được.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
The word "they" in paragraph 4 refers to ______.
ethical certifications
recycling initiatives
sustainable fabrics
proposed remedies
Trong câu, "Proposed remedies" đứng trước "they" và bao quát các ví dụ: "recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications".
Vì vậy, "they" chỉ toàn bộ nhóm các biện pháp được đề xuất.
Chọn D. proposed remedies; A, B, C sai vì lần lượt chỉ là các ví dụ cụ thể nằm trong nhóm này, không bao quát toàn bộ đối tượng được thay thế.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
The fashion industry survives because novelty itself has become economically more valuable than self-expression.
The persistence of fast fashion depends largely on society's tendency to connect constant newness with worth.
Fast fashion will continue to exist only if consumers no longer associate innovation with social importance.
Unless the fashion industry separates itself from cultural values, consumer demand for novelty will eventually disappear.
Câu gốc nghĩa là: chừng nào con người còn gắn sự mới mẻ với giá trị, fast fashion còn tiếp diễn.
novelty remains inseparable from value được diễn đạt thành connect constant newness with worth.
fast fashion will persist tương ứng với The persistence of fast fashion depends largely on...
Chọn B vì giữ đúng điều kiện và kết quả; A thêm so sánh giá trị kinh tế với self-expression, C đảo nghĩa điều kiện, còn D thêm ý nhu cầu về novelty sẽ biến mất.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
The fashion industry has already begun replacing synthetic materials with fully biodegradable alternatives.
Consumers are generally unaware of the environmental and social systems supporting cheap clothing production.
Ethical certifications have completely failed to influence consumer behaviour in modern fashion markets.
Most second-hand clothing markets successfully prevent garments from ending up in landfills.
Bài viết nói: “Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it.”
Hệ thống môi trường và xã hội phía sau sản xuất quần áo rẻ phần lớn không được người hưởng lợi nhìn thấy hoặc nhận ra.
Mỗi món đồ giá rẻ gắn với tài nguyên cạn kiệt, lao động bị trả lương thấp và nguồn nước ô nhiễm.
Các chi phí này không hiện rõ khi người tiêu dùng mua hàng, nên người tiêu dùng thường không nhận thức rõ những hệ thống hỗ trợ quần áo giá rẻ.
Chọn B. A sai vì bài chỉ nói vật liệu tổng hợp khó phân hủy; C sai vì chứng nhận đạo đức chỉ giải quyết một phần vấn đề; D sai vì quần áo vẫn tích tụ ở cả bãi rác và chợ đồ cũ.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
What does the passage suggest about the fashion industry's promise of self-expression?
It depends largely on consumers rejecting globally popular fashion trends and brands.
It is partly misleading because individuality is mass-produced within highly standardised systems.
It genuinely enables consumers to develop highly original identities independent of social influence.
It has become less influential as consumers increasingly prioritise practicality over appearance.
Đoạn văn viết: "the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity" và "mass-producing individuality on a global scale".
Ngành hứa hẹn thể hiện cá nhân nhưng lại sản xuất hàng loạt cái gọi là individuality trong một hệ thống đồng nhất.
Chọn B vì lời hứa về self-expression phần nào gây hiểu lầm: cá tính được sản xuất hàng loạt trong hệ thống tiêu chuẩn hóa.
A, C, D sai vì lần lượt không được đề cập, trái ngược với nội dung bài, và đưa thông tin ngoài bài.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
What appears temporary in culture often becomes enduring in material form.
[III]
[I]
[II]
[IV]
Đoạn thứ hai nêu nghịch lí: sản phẩm chạy theo xu hướng ngắn hạn nhưng thường tồn tại rất lâu.
Tại [II], câu trước nói quần áo thường tồn tại lâu hơn xu hướng chúng theo đuổi; câu sau nói quần áo dùng ngắn hạn tích tụ ở bãi rác.
Câu chèn liên kết trực tiếp các ý bằng sự tương phản giữa temporary và enduring.
Chọn C ([II]) vì câu chèn làm rõ nghịch lí của đoạn văn. A ([III]), B ([I]) và D ([IV]) sai vì lần lượt thuộc mạch chi phí ẩn, thực tế phức tạp và giải pháp.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.
The story of fast fashion is, in many ways, the story of modern desire-an industry built upon the promise of endless novelty, accessibility, and reinvention. Garments appear in shops and online feeds with astonishing speed, inviting consumers to participate in cycles of constant renewal. Each purchase feels fleeting and harmless, a small indulgence folded neatly into everyday life. [I] Yet the simplicity of buying conceals a far more complicated reality, one that extends far beyond the moment of consumption.
Fast fashion embodies a paradox. Created to satisfy the appetite for change, its products often outlast the trends they were designed to follow. [II] Clothes intended for brief use accumulate in landfills, wardrobes, and second-hand markets, persisting long after their cultural relevance has faded. Manufactured from synthetic materials that resist decomposition, they remain suspended between utility and waste. Meanwhile, the very industry that promises self-expression frequently relies on uniformity-mass-producing individuality on a global scale. What is marketed as empowerment through choice becomes, ironically, a mechanism of environmental strain and social exploitation.
To speak of fast fashion is to speak of distance: between producer and consumer, between appearance and reality, between affordability and its hidden price. Behind the polished storefronts and carefully curated advertisements lies a network of extraction, labour, and disposal that remains largely invisible to those who benefit from it. [III] Each cheaply made garment carries traces of exhausted resources, underpaid workers, and polluted waterways. What appears economically efficient in the short term generates costs dispersed across ecosystems and communities, costs rarely reflected on a price tag.
The environmental crisis associated with fast fashion is therefore not merely the result of excessive clothing production but evidence of a deeper cultural condition: the elevation of disposability into a virtue. [IV] Proposed remedies-recycling initiatives, sustainable fabrics, ethical certifications-address part of the problem, yet they cannot fully succeed without confronting the mindset that equates constant consumption with progress. As long as novelty remains inseparable from value, fast fashion will persist as more than an industry. It will remain a symbol of a civilisation caught between the desire for self-expression and the consequences of excess: endlessly changing in appearance, yet repeating the same destructive patterns beneath the surface.
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
The primary problem facing the fashion industry today is the increasing dependence on synthetic materials that resist decomposition.
Environmental reforms within the fashion industry will succeed once consumers are provided with more sustainable purchasing options.
Fast fashion is a cultural and environmental paradox that reflects deeper societal values centred on disposability and endless consumption.
Fast fashion has improved global access to affordable clothing despite creating certain unavoidable environmental challenges.
Đoạn mở đầu cho thấy fast fashion gắn với sự mới mẻ, dễ tiếp cận và mua sắm liên tục, nhưng thực tế phức tạp hơn vẻ ngoài.
Vì vậy, bài không chỉ bàn về quần áo mà còn về một hiện tượng văn hoá rộng hơn.
Bài nêu nghịch lí: sản phẩm được tạo ra để dùng ngắn hạn nhưng tồn tại lâu, gây áp lực môi trường và bóc lột xã hội.
Các đoạn sau làm rõ cái giá ẩn đối với tài nguyên, người lao động và nguồn nước; cuối cùng, tác giả phê phán tư duy tiêu dùng không ngừng.
Chọn C vì bao quát fast fashion như một nghịch lí văn hoá và môi trường, phản ánh xã hội đề cao tính dùng rồi bỏ và tiêu dùng vô tận.
A chỉ nêu vật liệu tổng hợp; B trái với nhận định rằng cải cách chưa đủ nếu không đổi tư duy; D thiên về lợi ích giá rẻ và xem nhẹ cái giá ẩn.
| Câu | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
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| Đáp án | C | D | A | C | D | B | B | B | C | C |
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