Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a group that experiences skull spikes?
Adults
Young adults
Elderly people
Teenagers
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to
spike
skull
neck
end
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
The word "triggered" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by
caused
encouraged
fired
developed
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
The word "enlarged" in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to
reduced
expanded
prominent
noticeable
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Male patients tend to have larger spikes compared to females.
Skull spikes are most common among elderly individuals.
Skull spikes have caused severe medical issues for most patients.
50% of young adults examined had spikes measuring over 20 mm.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
In which paragraph does the writer mention the exact size of the largest spike found?
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 4
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
In which paragraph does the writer explore potential solutions for dealing with skull spikes?
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 3
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 1
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
The hours we spend scrolling through our smartphones appear to be changing the shape of our skulls. This may be the reason why some people – especially the younger crowd – are developing a weird, bony spike just above their necks. This spike, known as an external occipital protuberance, appears at the lower end of the skull, and is sometimes so large, you can feel it by pressing your fingers on the base of your skull.
A study published in the Journal of Anatomy found that the spike was becoming more frequent – especially among 18 to 30-year-olds. David Shahar, the Australian health scientist who conducted the research, believes the development was triggered by prolonged use of smartphones or tablets. As people tilt their head forward to look at the screen, they put pressure on where the neck muscles meet the skull, so the body then develops more bone layers to be able to withstand it, said Shahar.
In the study, Shahar and a colleague looked at the radiographs of 218 young patients, aged 18 to 30, to determine how many had these spikes. In all, 41% of the group had an enlarged spike and 10% had an especially large spike measuring at least 0.7 inches (20 mm), the doctors found. In general, enlarged spikes were more common in males than in females. The largest spike belonged to a man, sticking out at 1.4 inches (35.7 mm).
Shahar believes that the spikes will continue to grow in size as people keep hunching over their handheld devices, but adds that they should not be very harmful and rarely cause serious medical issues. "But if you are experiencing discomfort, maybe you should try improving your posture," he said.
(Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com)
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
Discomfort caused by posture issues cannot be resolved easily.
Improving your posture could help reduce any discomfort you feel.
Only by avoiding devices can discomfort be completely eliminated.
Experiencing discomfort is unavoidable when using handheld devices.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ACTIVITY BREAKS AT BROOKE'S LEISURE CENTRE
If you are looking for a fun and rewarding job to do over the summer holidays, then we have just the answer! Brooke's Leisure Centre is excited (9) _______ that we are running activity weeks for groups of 11–13 year-olds. We need reliable and inspiring organizers who can ensure that all activities run smoothly and that the children (10) _______ here will have a great time.
Are you interested in and skilled (11) _______ a wide range of sports? Do you (12) _______ experience in managing children? Do you have (13) _______ during the week? If you answered “yes” to these questions, we want to hear from you! Please write to us, providing details of your experience, skills, and (14) _______ for an interview. Please also give the name of a referee.
Send your letter to: The Director, Brooke’s Leisure Centre, Hill Park, Bournemouth.
announced
to announce
announcing
announce
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
ACTIVITY BREAKS AT BROOKE'S LEISURE CENTRE
If you are looking for a fun and rewarding job to do over the summer holidays, then we have just the answer! Brooke's Leisure Centre is excited (9) _______ that we are running activity weeks for groups of 11–13 year-olds. We need reliable and inspiring organizers who can ensure that all activities run smoothly and that the children (10) _______ here will have a great time.
Are you interested in and skilled (11) _______ a wide range of sports? Do you (12) _______ experience in managing children? Do you have (13) _______ during the week? If you answered “yes” to these questions, we want to hear from you! Please write to us, providing details of your experience, skills, and (14) _______ for an interview. Please also give the name of a referee.
Send your letter to: The Director, Brooke’s Leisure Centre, Hill Park, Bournemouth.
to come
coming
who came
come
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